thulium

Goldman, MD, enrolled 20 subjects with at least moderate photoaging who randomly received three treatments with either the 1,064/ 532-nm fractionated picosecond Nd:YAG laser or with the 1,927-nm fractionated thulium fiber laser on each side of the face, 4 weeks apart.

It consists of yttrium and the 15 lanthanide elements - lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium.

Two [micro]m CW laser is also known as thulium laser, which has a wavelength of 2013 nm and a penetration depth in tissue of 0.3 mm.

Comparison of holmium:YAG and thulium fiber laser lithotripsy: ablation thresholds, ablation rates, and retropulsion effects.

He indicates that currently thulium fiber lasers in the 1.5-2 [micro]m range are best for the processing of transparent welding.

Caption: Figure 3: (a) Absorption spectra of ASA in different concentrations of thulium (III); (b) molar ratio of thulium(III)-arsenazo III complex at [lambda] = 605 nm (pH 7.40).

Murray, "High-power thulium fiber laser ablation of urinary tissues at 1.94 [micro]m," Journal of Endourology, vol.

Following salts of lanthanides were used as standards: Samarium (III) chloride hexahydrate, Lanthanum (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Europium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Terbium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Holmium(III) nitrate hydrate, Thulium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Lutetium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Erbium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Samarium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Neodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Gadolinium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, Dysprosium (III) nitrate pentahydrate, Ytterbium (III) nitrate pentahydrate, and Cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate.

Motalov, "Thermodynamic properties of neutral and charged species in high-temperature vapour over terbium and thulium trichlorides," High Temperatures-High Pressures, vol.

More recently, optimal keratoplasty (Opti-K, NTK Enterprises, Inc.) has been proposed as a new office-based laser vision correction procedure performed with a continuous-wave thulium fiber laser that reshapes the cornea to temporarily improve the symptoms of presbyopia and correct low to moderate hyperopia similarly to LTK.