The ring-opening polymerization of epoxynorbornene linseed oils proceeds efficiently in the presence of a photogenerated
protonic acid to form a polyether.
The fully hydrated acid forms of the membranes had
protonic conductivities of 0.11 and 0.17 S/cm for the 40 and 60 mole% disulfonated copolymers in liquid water at 30[degrees]C, (13) which is comparable to or higher than Nation[R] 1100.
The combined results from these neutron techniques allows for a more thorough understanding of the factors responsible for the favorable
protonic conductivity properties associated with this material.
Sulfuric acid undergoes self-ionization or autoprotolysis in the same manner as water and many other
protonic solvents [4]: [Mathematical Expression Omitted] Just as the acidity of an aqueous solution is increased by increasing the concentration of [H.sub.3.O.sup.+], the acidity of [H.sub.2.SO.sub.4] can be further increased by a solute HA that behaves as an acid, thereby increasing the concentration of the [H.sub.3.SO.sup.+.sub.4] ion: [Mathematical Expression Omitted] There are only a few acids that are strong enough to ionize in this way.
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Protonic Red
Because of these properties, there is a growing interest in testing ILs as a
protonic charge carrier in proton exchange membranes allowing PEMFC to operate at temperatures above 80[degrees]C and low humidity.
On doping emeraldine base (EB) with nonoxidising
protonic acids such as HCl, [H.sub.2]S[O.sub.4], or organic acids (p-toluene sulfonic acid), it is converted into emeraldine salt (ES) form which is electrically conducting [23, 24].
Subsequent to the investigation of other highly conductive organic materials, MacDiarmid demonstrated the conductive states of PANI which arose upon
protonic doping of the emeraldine form of PANI [21].