planula

Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the U.S.

If this is the case, why sexually mature medusae are frequently found over such a wide latitudinal range, where the chances for the planulae to access substrate to settle and metamorphose into polyps are minimal because of the deep depths?

Are G-protein-coupled receptors involved in mediating larval settlement and metamorphosis of coral planulae? Biol.

However, similar to this study, the most common and abundant recruits reported in studies from the Bolinao Reef Complex belong to Pocillopora, which is known to release planulae every month [23].

Planulae float in the water until they find a proper space to attach and start growing a polyp [38].

Re-establishment of coral populations is highly dependent on settlement of coral planulae, post-settlement survival, and juvenile coral growth.

Settlement induction of Acropora palmata planulae by a GLW-amide neuropeptide.

Planulae, shaken from the brooding structures of adult medusae caught in the field, settled and metamorphosed into scyphistomae in the lab and were maintained in culture.

Corals indeed do have such free living, planktonic larvae, called planulae. Moreover, they are capable of additional ways of propagation, which will be discussed below.

Corals are either brooders, which release internally fertilized planulae, or broadcast spawners, which release eggs and sperm (Harrison and Wallace 1990).

1983; Neigel and Avise 1983; Lasker 1984; Wallace 1985; Willis and Ayre 1985; Wulff 1986, 1991; Ayre and Willis 1988; Hunter 1993), "budding" asexual propagules (Walker and Bull 1983; Dahan and Benayahu 1997), the release of asexual planulae (Black and Johnson 1979; Stoddart 1983a; Ayre and Resing 1986), [TABULAR DATA FOR TABLE 1 OMITTED] and polyp bailout (Sammarco 1982; Richmond 1985; Kramarskywinter et al.