caffein

The subjects were asked not to consume alcoholic beverages or caffein and not to perform intense physical activity during the 24 hours prior to the measurements.

Additionally, participants who consumed any beverage with caffein or chocolate in the last 24 h were excluded.

Numerous studies have reported several significant bioactive groups in the cocoa and cocoa products including polyphenols (epicatechin, catechin and procyanidin) (Afoakwa et al., 2008; Arlorio et al., 2008; Ariza et al., 2014; Nsor-Atindana et al., 2012; Hii et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2014), methylxanthines (theobromine, caffein and theophylline) (Caudle et al., 2001; Mhd-Jalil and Ismail, 2008), peptides (albumins, globulins, prolamin, and glutenin) (Voight et al., 1993; Mhd-Jalil and Ismail, 2008) lipids and sterols (Schwan and Wheals, 2004; Lim, 2012), fiber (Paoletti et al., 2012) as well as minerals (magnesium, copper and selenium).